Pneumatic drill or like machine.



, PATENTED JULY 21, 1903 G. H. HAYES. PNLUMATIG DRILL 0R LIKE MAGHINL.

APPLICATION IILED DEO. 4, 1902.

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APPLICATION FILED DBO. 4, 1902.

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APPLIOATION-I'ILED DBO. 4, 1902.

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PATENTED JULY v21, 1903.

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APPLICATION FILED DBO. 4, 1.902.

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PATBNTEID JULY 21, 1903.

G. H. HAYES.

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UNITED STATES Patented July 21, 1903.

PATENT OEEICE.

GEORGE II. HAYES, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO CHICAGO PNEU- MATICTOOL COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PNEIJMATIC DRILL OR LIKE MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 733,960, dated July21, 1 Q.

Application filed December 4, 1902. Serial No. 133,906. (No model.)

To all whom, t mag/ concern- Beit known that I, GEORGE HARRY HAYES, acitizen of the United States, residing at 61 Guildford street, RussellSquare, in the city and county of London, England, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Drills or Like Machines; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, ro such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to make and use the same. l

This invention relates to improvements in hand portable pneumatic drillsand like machines, and has for its object to provide a portable machinewhich is simple in construction, eflicient in action, and economical ,inthe use of motive fluid.

My invention consists in an engine of the zo piston type with iixedcylinders and cylindrical controlling-valves arranged at right angles toor across said cylinders. The pistons of the cylinders are connected, asusual, to the crank-shaft, (which latter works the z5 drill-spindle ortool-socket by means of the usual toothed gearing,) and thecontrollingvalves are actuated by an eccentric or eccentrics on saidshaft, being oscillated by said eccentrics during the revolution of thecrank- 3o shaft, so as to controlthe admission and eX- haust oftheduid-pressure to and from the working cylinders. The controlling-Valvesare connected, by means of a yoke or otherwise, to a reversing-sleeve onthe handle of the machine (or to any other suitable device adapted to beoperated by hand) and are thus capable of being directly actuated toreverse the direction of rotation of the crankshaft, said valves havinga double set of 4o ports or other convenient port arrangement adapted tocooperate with the air-inlet or .the exhaust ports or passages. Thecontrolling- Valves may be made either to admit or discharge thepressure through a central passage in the valves, or they may be made toadmitor discharge the pressure on the outside of the valves, ashereinafter described. My invention further consists in the detailstaken on line G H of Fig. 2.

and combination of parts,v as hereinafter more fully set forth.

In order that my invention may be readily understood and carried intoeffect, l will now describe it with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in Which- Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the completemachine, taken on the line A B through the two right-hand cylinders.Fig. 2 is a rear end or top view of the machine with cover removed,showing the ecc-entries on the crank-shaft and their connections to thecontrolling-valves. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional elevation of themachine-body, taken on line C D of Fig. 2 in the direction of the arrow.Fig. is a part sectional elevation on line E F of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is adiagrammatic view 65 Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view also taken on line GH, Fig. 2, but showingthe alternative form of controlling-valve. Fig. 7is an elevation of one of the controlling and Vreversing valves shown inFig.v 5. Figs. Sand 9 are sectional plauviews taken on lines J J JJ andL L of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a sectional plan on lines K K K K of Fig. 7.Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic outlay of the combined controlling andreversing Valves shown in Figs. 5 and 7. Fig. 12 is an elevation of thealternative form of controlling and reversing valves shown in Figs. 3and 6. Fig. 13 is a sectional plan view on lines M M M M of Fig. 12.Fig. l-i is a sectional plan on lies N N N N of Fig. 12. Fig. 15 is adiagrammatic outlay of the combined controlling and reversing valvesvshown in Figs. 3, 6, and 12. Fig. 16 is aplan view of the gear-caseshown in Fig. 3, showing the final exhaust-outlets hereinafter referredto. l

The same numbers indicate the same or corresponding parts in theseveralflgures of the drawings.

1 is the main casing or bodyv of the machine, comprising theiiuid-pressurecylinders 2 3 4 5, the fluid-pressure chamber-or passage v6, and the controlling-valve chambers 7 and 8, all formed in onecasting.

l1L is an end cap or cover screwed in or other- Wise attached to themain body 1. The valvechambers 7 and 8 are arranged transversely,preferably at right angles to the cylinders 2 4 and 3 5, respectively,as clearly shown in Figs. 2, 3, 5, and 6.

9 and 10 are ported valve-bushings respectively in the valve-chambers 7and 8.

11 and 12 are ports respectively in the bushes 9 and 10.

2 4a and 3 5 are pairs of ports also respectivelyin the bushes 9 and 10,the former connecting with the corresponding ports ot the respectivecylinders 2 and 4 and the latter connecting with the corresponding portsof the respective cylinders 3 and 5.

13 and 14 are the controlling-valves, fitted to work respectively in thebushes 9 and 10.

Each of the Valves 13 and 14 is provided with a double set of inlet andexhaust passages and (or) ports for controlling the inlet and exhaust offluid-pressure to and from each cylinder to which said valve applies,one set of said inlet and exhaust passages and (or) ports being employedfor admitting fluidpressure to and exhausting it from the workingcylinder for driving the drill-spindle or tool-socket in the normal orright-hand direction, the other set of said ports being employed whenworking in the reverse direction, as hereinafter described.

The form of valve I prefer to use in practice is shown in detail inFigs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, in which pressure is admitted to theworking cylinders through channels or passages in the outside of thevalve, and the exhaust takes place through ports leading to a centralpassage in the valve. In Fig. 5 the valves 13 and 14 and the bushings 9and 1 0 are identical in every respect, so that a description of onevalve serves for both. In these views Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 15is a reduced diameter or neck formed in the valve, the space betweensaid neck and the valvebushing forming a pressure-chamber 6,(in Fig. 5,)to which fluid-pressure is constantly admitted from chamber 6 in themachinebody through the port in the valve-bushing when thethrottle-valve controlling the inlet ot' Huid-pressure from the soure ofsupply is held open. Looking at the right-hand valve 14 in Fig. 5 and atFigs. 7 to 1l, inclusive, 16 is a channel or passage formed in the faceof the valve on one side, and 17 is a similar chanhel or passagefol-ined in the face of the valve on the other side opposite to 1b'. Thegeneral form of these channels or passages is shown in the View of theright-hand valve 14 in Fig. 3 and also in the outlay of the valve shownin Fig. 1 l, said passages 16 and 17 being provided, respectively, withbranches 16 16" and 17a 171. Both these passages 16 and 17, with theirbranches, as above set' forth, are inlet-passages for conducting themotive Iluid to the working cylinder, (in this case the upper right-handcylinder 3 in Fig. 5,) the passage 16, for example, being theinlet-passage when the crank-shaft is being rotated so as to drive thetool or tool-socket in the normal or righthand direction, the passage 17being the in- 1et-passage when working in the reverse direction. Therebeing four fixed cylinders in the type of motor which I prefer toemploy, (said cylinders being arranged in pairs in the casing 1, thepairs of cylinders being at right angles to each other and to thecrank-shaft,) each controlling-valve (13 and 14, Fig. 5) is arranged tocontrol the inlet and exhaust ot' fluid-pressure to and from twocylinders forming a pair. For example, in Fig. 5 the valve 14 controlsinlet and exhaust of pressure to and from the cylinders 3 and 5, bothfor normal and reverse working, the pressure-inlet passages (marked 1819) provided opposite to each other in the face of the valve and hav`ing (see Figs. 7 and 1l) branches 18 181 and 19tL 19, respectively,being the inlet-passages for the cylinder 5.

2O and 21 (see Figs. 7 and 11) are the exhaust-ports in the valve,leading to the central exhaust-passage 15n therein for the exhaust of{luid-pressure from cylinder 3, and 22 and 23 are the exhaust-ports inthe valve, also connecting with passage 15, for the exhaust offluid-pressure from cylinder 5, the ports 21 and 22, for example, beingrespectively the exhaust-ports for the cylinders 3 and 5 When thepistons of said cylinders are operating the crank-shaft to drive thetool or tool-socket in the normal or right-hand direction, ports 2O and23 acting to exhaust said cylinders 3 and 5, respectively, when thecrank-shaft is working in the reverse direction.

Referring to Figs. 1,2, and 3, the controlling-valves 13 and 14 areoscillated in their bushings so as to control theinlet and exhaust offluid-pressure to and from the Working cylinders by means of eccentrics24 25 on the crank-shaft, the rings on said eccentrics being connected,respectively,by rods 26 27 to collars 28 and 29, respectively, onthe valves 13 and 14. These collars are slidably mounted each on a stem(marked 30,-see Figs. 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8) on each ot' the respectivevalves, said collars being held against rotation with reference to thevalve and stem by means ot' a feather 31 on the stem engaging a groovein the collar. Connected to the stems 3() of both valves is a T-shapedyoke 32, reduced diameters on the stems 30 bearingfreelyin the ends ofthe crossbarofsaid yoke, which is retained ou the stems 30 by means ofnuts 33, (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6,) screwed on the threaded ends ofsaid stems. A slot 34 is provided in the vertical arm of the yoke 32,with which a pin 35 on a disk or crank 36 engages, said disk being coninected to a pinion 37, (see Figs. 2 and 4,) with which a toothed wheel38 on a sleeve 39 gears. The sleeve 39 is rotatably mounted on the usualhollow handle 40 (see Fig. 4) of the inachine, through which thefluid-pressure from the source of supply is admitted to thefluidpressure chamber 6 in the machine-body.

41 indicates a well-known type of throttle- IOO IIO

valve adapted to be actuated by means of a sleeve 42 on handle 40 foropening and closing the fluid-pressure supply. Any other desired orknown type of throttle-valve may be employed.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, 43 is the crank-shaft, whose ends bearin end bearings 44 45. 46 is the pinion on the crank-shaft, which piniongears with gear-wheel 47 on the tool-socket, so as to revolve thelatter. 48 49 are the pistons in cylinders 3 and 5, respectively, and 5051 the piston-rods connecting pistons 4S 49, respectively, to the cranks52 53 on the crank-shaft, the similar pistonrods and pistons of thecylinders 2 and 4 being also connected to said cranks.

54 55 are the well-knownscrewed-in cylinder-caps, and 56, Fig. 1, is theusual feedscrew head.

At the tool-socket or gearing end of the machine body or casing 1 is achamber or gear-` ase 57, (see Figs. 1 and 3,) screwed on or otherwiseattached to casing 1. 53 is a ring or annular section cast in one withthe gearcase and screwed on or otherwise attached to the casing 1, theports or channels (marked 57) formed between said Y ring 5S and thegear-case 57 being the iinal exhaust-outlets to the atmosphere, whichregister with the controlling-valve chambers. 582L is a cover part orneck detachably connected to the machine-body 1 and to the gear-case 57,wiregauze 5Sb being inserted between the valvechambers and the tinalexhaust-ports 57, said part 58 constituting a receptacle to contain theoil-bath for the gearing.

Figs. 1, 3, 6, 12, 13, 14, and 15 show the alternative forms of thecombined controlling and reversing valves. (shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 6)are identical in every respect, so that it is only necessary to describeone of said valves. With this form of valve the fluid-pressure isadmitted to thek working cylinders through the interior of the valve andis exhausted from said cylinders by way of channels or passages on theexterior of the valve instead of being admitted through passages on theexterior of the valve and exhausted through the interior of the valve,as described with reference to Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 1l.

Referring to Figs. 6, 12, and 15, 59 is the inlet-port,-preferably ofthe form shown, connecting with a central chamber or passage 60 in theValve and also registering with the fluid-pressure chamber or passage 6in the machine-body 1. A plug or cap 60 closes the lower end of chamber60. 6l 62 are inletports leading from the central chamber 60 and adaptedto register with the inlet-port 3a, leading into cylinder 3, port 61,for example, acting for the inlet of fluid-pressure to the cylinder whenthe motor is driving the tool in the normal or right-hand direction andport 62 acting for inlet when the motor is working the tool in thereverse direction. 63 64 are inlet-ports leadingfrom the central chamberThe two valves 13 and 14 Vsure-balancing area.

60 and adapted to register with the inlet-port 5a to the cylinder 5,(see Fig. 6,) port 64, for exam ple,being employed for the inlet offluidpressure to said cylinder when the machine is working in the normalor right-hand direction and port 63 acting for inlet when working in thereverse direction. 65and 66 are the exhaust channels or passages on theface of the valve, the passages 66 and 65 acting, for examplerespectively, for exhaust of pressure from both cylinders 3 and 5when the motor is running in the normal direction and, viceversa,passages 65 and 66 acting for exhaust, respectively, fromcylinders 3 and5 when working in the reverse direction. The general formof these exhaust-passages is shown in Fig. 15, said passages 65 and 66having branches 65 65? and 66a 66", respectively,

The working may be briefly described as follows: Assuming the motor tobe operating the tool in the left-hand direction and referring first toFig. 5, which shows the form ot' valve for taking the fluid-pressure onthe outside and exhausting through the center of the valve, theright-hand valve 14 is in the position to which it has been oscillatedby the eccentric 25 on the crank-shaft, in which its passage 16 is justabout to admit fluid-pressure to the cylinder 3, said pressure beingadmitted (by opening throttle-valve 41, Fig. 4) to the chamber orpassage 6 in the machine-body v1, thence through port 12 in thevalve-bushing 10 into the space in the Valvechamber between said bushingand the neck 15 on the valve,and thence by way of channel or passage 16and its branch 16L to the port 3, leading into cylinder 3, the pressurealso passing up channel 16 into its branch 16h, which. latter in thiscase acts as a pres- At the same time the fluid-pressure in cylinder -5has just commenced to exhaust through the port 22, leading into thecentral passage l5 of valve 14, whence it passes to the atmospherethrough the open end of said valve and out through the open space 57a(see Fig.,3) in the gearcase end of the machine-body. Also at the sametime the left-hand valve 13 has been oscillated, so that itsinlet-passage 16 is fully open to the port 2, (or, in other words,port2a is fully uncovered or opened to passage 16,) leading into cylinder 2,so that the piston in this cylinder has received its full fluidpressureand the valve 13 is aboutto be moved or oscillated to lthe position forpermitting exhaust of air from the cylinder through the exhaust-port 21(see Figs. Tand 11) and central passage 15 in valve 13, and thence outthrough space 57, Fig. 3, to the atmosphere, and cylinder 4 is now fullyopen to roc,

IIO

exhaust through exhaust-port 23 and 4central passage 15ot`valve 13,andthence through tinal exhaust-outlet 56a. 'Now as the crank-shaft isrevolved the valves 13 and 14 will continueto be oscillated, (throughthe connecting' rods 26 27 to the eccentrics 24 25,) so thatinlet-passage 16 16m of right-.hand valve14 will be fully opened tocylinder 3 through port 3, and exhaust-port 23 of said valve will befully opened to cylinder 5 through port 5, while the inlet-passage 16 16of left-hand valve 13 will be closed to cylinder 2 by the face of thevalve, and the'exhaust-port 21 of said valve will be opened to saidcylinder through port 2, the exhaust-port 23 being cut off from cylinder4 by the face of thel valve, and the inlet-passage 19 19b will be openedto cylinder 4 through port 4, the branch 19 in this case acting as apressurebalancing area. As the machine continues to operate the tool inthe left-hand direction the Valves will continue to be oscillated, sothat the pressure-inlet passages and exhaustports above described willbe alternately `caused to register with the ports directly connectingwith the respective cylinders, so as to admit pressure to and exhaust itfrom the cylinders at the proper times. If now it is desired to operatethe tool in the reverse or right-hand direction, the direction ofoperation of the crank-shaft 43 being also reversed, the operator turnsthe sleeve 39 in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 4, thus through thegear-wheel 38 on said sleeve engaging the pinion 37 on the spindle orshaft 37. The disk 36, (or crank, as the case may be,) fixed in saidshaft, is also revolved, so that the pin 35 on said disk bears on thelower side of slot 34 and so depresses the yoke 32, which latter beingconnected to the stems 30 of the Valves 13 and 14 moves said valves downor to the position in which the inlet-passages 17 18 and theexhaust-ports 2O 22 of the valves 13 and 14 can register with the ports3 5 and 2 4, leading, respectively, into the cylinders 3 and 5 and 2 and4, so that nowwhen the valves 13 and 14 are oscillated, as beforedescribed, inlet-passage 17 17b and exhaust-port 2O of right-hand valve14 will be alternately caused to register with port 3, leading to andfrom the cylinder 3, branch 17a acting as a balancing area, whileinlet-passage 18 18 and exhaust-port 22 of said valve will bealternately caused to register with port 5, leading to and from cylinder5, the branch 18b in this case acting as a balancing area, and at thesame time the corresponding passages and ports of the left-hand valve13, Fig. 5, will alternately register with the ports leading to and fromthe cylinders 2 and 4.

The working of the form of valve shown in Figs. 3, 6, 12, 13, 14, and 15will now be readily understood. Referring to the right-hand valve 14 inFig. 6 and assuming the tool to be working inlthe left-hand direction,as the valves are oscillated the inlet-port 61 and the exhaust-passage66b 66 will be alternately caused to register with the port leading intoand out of cylinder 3, and the inlet-port 64 and exhaust-passage 65 65will be alternately caused to register with the port leading into andout of cylinder 5. The corresponding ports and passages of the left-handvalve are also caused to alternately register with the respective portsleading into and out of cylinders 2 and 4. lf now it is desired toreverse the revolution of the tool and crankshaft, the valves 13 and 14will be moved down (by operating yoke 32 by sleeve 39, as alreadydescribed) to the position in which the other set of inlet-ports andexhaust-passages can register with the respective ports leading into andout of the cylinders, so that now as the valves are oscillated theinlet-port 62 and exhaust-passage 65b 65 will be caused to alternatelyregister with the port 3 of cylinder 3, while the inlet-port 63 andexhaustpassage 66 66 will be caused to alternately register with theport 5 of the cylinder 5. The corresponding inlet-ports andexhaustpassages of the left-hand valve 13 will likewise be caused toalternately register with the respective ports of cylinders 2 and 4.

The arrangement of the cylinders and valves is such that at a certainpart of the stroke of the pistons in the cylinders fluidpressure will beacting on the pistons in two diagonally opposite cylinders-for example,cylinders 2 and 5, Figs. 5 and 6--while at the saine time thefluid-pressure will be exhaust.- ing from the other two diagonallyopposite cylinders 3 and 4.

What l claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a hand portable pneumatic tool of the type set forth, afluid-pressure cylinder, a piston working therein, a crank-shaftconnected to said piston, an oscillating controlling and reversing valveconsisting of a single part arranged across or at right angles to saidcylinder, a sleeve on the machine-handle, and means operativelyconnecting said valve and the sleeve whereby the valve may be movedlongitudinally for the purpose of reversing the revolution of thecrank-shaft and tool.

2. In a portable pneumatic tool comprising at least two sets offluid-pressure cylinders and the cylinders in one set arrangedsubstantially at right angles with the cylinders in the other set, Aacentral transverse fluidpressure passage in the machine-body between thesets of cylinders, two controlling- Valve chambers between and at rightangles to the sets of cylinders and to the fluid-pressure passage, apartially-rotating cylindrical valve in each chamber, means on thecrankshaft for oscillating said valves so as to control the admission offluid-pressure to and its exhaust from the cylinders, and' means on themachine-handle operatively connected to said valves so as to move bothvalves simultaneously for reversing the working of the machine,substantially as set forth.

3. A hand portable pneumatic tool, having a main casing or bodycomprising at least four fluid pressure cylinders arranged in pairs, twocontrolling valve chambers arranged transversely to and between thepairs of cyl inders, a central transverse i'iuid pressure passageconnecting directly with the valvechambers and with the pressure-inletin the xooV I'IO

4. In a portable pneumatic tool, the combi nation of multiple cylinders,pistons working in said cylinders, a crank-shaft connected to saidpistons, an oscillating, controlling and reversing valve, consisting ofa hollow part arranged transversely to 'said cylinders', and having adouble set of inlet-ports and a donble set of exhaust-ports connectingwith the Huid-supply and the exterior of the casing respectively, meansconnecting the crankshaft with the valve for oscillating the latter, andmeans connected with the machine-handle for moving the Valvelongitudinally to reverse the operation of the machine, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a portable pneumatic tool, the combination of multiple cylinders,pistons Working in said cylinders, a crank-shaft connected to saidpistons, an oscillating, controlling and reversingv valve, consisting ofa hollow part arranged transversely to said cylinders, and having adouble set of inlet-ports on the eX- terior of the valve and a doubleset of exhaust-v ports, connecting with the interior of the valve, meansconnecting the crank-shaft with the valve for oscillating the latter,and means connected with the machine-handle for moving the valvelongitudinally to reversethe operation of the machine, substantially asdescribed. v

6. In a portable pneumatic tool, an oil-bathl gear-case comprising anannular section or part 58 detachably connected to the machinebody, anannular cover part or neck 581" detachably connected to the machine-bodyand to the gear-case, and duid-pressure exhaustports in the gear-caseand cover said ports registering with the controlling-valve chambers inthe machine-body, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE H. HAYES.

